How old is balochi language

Various classifications of Balochi dialects have been proposed since the earliest studies in the 19th century. The most notable recent classification is that of Jahani , dividing Balochi varieties into three main dialects:. The examples used in this article, as well as the syntactic and phonological properties described, are based on this dialect. Balochi is not used for administrative or education purposes in any of the areas where it is spoken. Nevertheless, it has a significant contemporary written tradition compared to most other Iranian languages.

The first Balochi writings date back to less than years ago Elfenbein, There is no fully agreed-upon standard for writing the Balochi language, but the dominant trend is to use the Arabic script with conventions that resemble those of Urdu in many ways. Even though literacy rates in general have risen significantly in Balochi-speaking areas, since the language of education is the official language in each country, the literacy rate of Balochi remains very low Spooner, In Pakistan, many books and periodicals have been published in Balochi since , and as of , there were several regularly published monthly magazines in Quetta and in Karachi Thompson, In Iran, the first Balochi publications appeared right after the revolution in the form of magazines, but they were soon forced to cease Jahani, Publication in Balochi in Iran was resumed in the s ibid.

As of , three bilingual Persian-Balochi magazines were being published in Iran, with headquarters in Zahedan, Iranshahr, and Tehran Hoseinbor, While Balochi has a better status in terms of publications compared to most Iranian languages, it has a relatively weak web presence given its large speaker population and its considerable distance from the official languages of the countries where it is spoken. There is, for example, no Balochi Wikipedia as of Moreover, there are no major TV channels broadcasting exclusively in Balochi.

The use of Balochi in the Iranian state-run provincial TV in Sistan va Baluchestan is very limited, even compared to the use of other minority languages in other Iranian provincial TV channels. Probably as a result of contact with Indo-Aryan languages, the consonant inventory of Balochi, along with Pashto, is exceptional among Iranian languages in that it uses retroflexes.

Balochi does not have labiodental consonants. The full consonant chart for this particular dialect of Balochi is presented below based on the inventory given by Soohani Balochi has 8 vowels that correspond almost perfectly to the 8 vowels of Classical Persian, and also makes the Balochi vowel system similar to Khorasani varieties of Persian Dames, According to Soohani , citing Jahani and Korn, , stress patterns differ among Balochi dialects.

For non-verbal words, in Western dialects such as Sarhaddi spoken in Iran , the stress is on the last syllable of the word like Persian. In Southern dialects, the position of the stress is weight-sensitive and in Eastern Balochi the last heavy syllable of a word is stressed. Below is a list of basic words and phrases in the Southern Balochi dialect as spoken in Oman which is influenced by Arabic. They are given here in the Latin script.

Balochi was an unwritten language prior to the 19th century when the British developed a Latin-based Balochi alphabet. In the late 19th century, a group of Balochi scholars adopted the Arabic script , causing a split in the Balochi language community.

Today, there is no standard orthography for writing Balochi. Outside of these countries, it is written with the Latin script. There is an ongoing debate among Baloch scholars about the creation of a single standard literary language. However, since the language is spoken in several different countries, creating and enforcing a single standard is a difficult task. A Latin-based alphabet for Balochi, appended below, was proposed in It contains 33 letters and 2 diphthongs. Since , many books in Balochi have been printed in Eastern Balochistan.

There are also many active literary associations working to promote Balochi literature and literacy. There are several regularly published monthly magazines in Quetta and in Karachi.

How difficult is it to learn Balochi? There is no data on the difficulty of Balochi for speakers of English. Toggle navigation. Balochi Vsh atke- Welcome. Labio- dental. Post- alveolar. Language Difficulty. Languages A-Z. Select Language. Tibetic Languages. Tok Pisin. Arabic Egyptian Spoken. Arabic Levantine. Arabic Modern Standard. Arabic Moroccan Spoken.

Arabic Overview. Bashkort Bashkir. Haitian Creole. Hawaiian Creole. Indonesian Bahasa Indonesia. Irish Gaelic. Malay Bahasa Melayu. Mandarin Chinese. Afro Asiatic Language Family. Algic Language Family. Altaic Language Family. Austro-Asiatic Language Family. Austronesian Language Family. Borjian, H. Volume 67 4 , — DOI: Dames, Mansel Longworth Retrieved English-Balochi colloquial dictionary.

Ahmad, K. Dunwoody Press. Baksh, M. Badal Khan, S. Abdulrrahman Pahwal. Peshawar: Al-Azhar Book Co. Bruce, R. Manual and Vocabulary of the Beluchi Dialect. Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press. Karachi: Aataar Publications.

Dames, M. A Text-book of the Balochi Language, consisting of miscellaneous stories, legends, poems, legends, poems, and a Balochi-English vocabulary. Hashmi, S. Sayad Ganj: Balochi-Balochi Dictionary. Nazeer Dawood. Balochi into English Dictionary. Korn, A. Indoiranskoe jazykoznanie i tipologija jazykovyx situacij.

Sbornik statej k letiju professora A. Marri, M. Mayer, T. English-Baluchi Dictionary. Lahore: Government Press. Orthography Jahani, Carina. Standardization and orthography in the Balochi language.

Studia Iranica Upsaliensia. Axenov, S. Balochi Orthography in Turkmenistan. Elfenbein, J. A course in Baluchi. Montreal: McGill University. Collett, Nigel A. Farrell, Tim. Basic Balochi: An introductory course. Natawa, T. Baluchi Asian and African Grammatical Manuals 17b. Gilbertson, George W. The Balochi language.

A grammar and manual. Ahmadzai, N. Bugti, A. Quetta: Kalat Publications. Farrell, T. Basic Balochi: An Introductory Course. Baluchistan Monograph Series, 1. Hitturam, R. Etymological and Historical Studies -Elfenbein, J. Grammar and Morphology -Axenov, Serge. Semantics -Elfenbein, J. Miscellaneous and Surveys -Anka, M. A grammar, phrase book and vocabulary of Baluchi : as spoken in the Sultanate of Oman. Collett], Dames, Mansel Longworth. A sketch of the northern Balochi language , containing a grammar, vocabulary and specimens of the language.

Calcutta: Asiatic Society, Mumtaz Ahmad. Baluchi glossary : a Baluchi-English glossary: elementary level. Kensington, Md. Encyclopedia Americana. Links to related articles. Languages of Pakistan. Urdu English. Languages of Afghanistan.

Dari Pashto. Afghan Sign Language. Languages of Iran. Persian Sign Language. Languages of Oman. Omani Sign Language. Languages of Bahrain. Arabic Bahrani , Gulf. Arabic Sign Language. Iranian languages. Avestan Old Scythian. Median Old Persian. Middle Persian Parthian. This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files. Balochi in Balo-Rabi and Latin script.